консольные цветовые схемы

Вы получаете ту информацию от человека ls и переходить по ссылке ниже на страницу к ls переменным среды.

Цветами управляет переменная среды LSCOLORS. Из документации выше:

 LSCOLORS        The value of this variable describes what color to use
         for which attribute when colors are enabled with
         CLICOLOR.  This string is a concatenation of pairs of the
         format fb, where f is the foreground color and b is the
         background color.

         The color designators are as follows:

           a     black
           b     red
           c     green
           d     brown
           e     blue
           f     magenta
           g     cyan
           h     light grey
           A     bold black, usually shows up as dark grey
           B     bold red
           C     bold green
           D     bold brown, usually shows up as yellow
           E     bold blue
           F     bold magenta
           G     bold cyan
           H     bold light grey; looks like bright white
           x     default foreground or background

         Note that the above are standard ANSI colors.  The actual
         display may differ depending on the color capabilities of
         the terminal in use.

         The order of the attributes are as follows:

           1.   directory
           2.   symbolic link
           3.   socket
           4.   pipe
           5.   executable
           6.   block special
           7.   character special
           8.   executable with setuid bit set
           9.   executable with setgid bit set
           10.  directory writable to others, with sticky bit
           11.  directory writable to others, without sticky
            bit

         The default is "exfxcxdxbxegedabagacad", i.e. blue fore-
         ground and default background for regular directories,
         black foreground and red background for setuid executa-
         bles, etc.